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Prompt:

help me understand what "orthogonally" means in below context

But there's a corner case that can be somewhat confusing here, and it's one that I managed to crash into multiple times when I was implementing some code that works with this. Keys can be "possessed" by a process, and have permissions that are granted to the possessor orthogonally to any permissions granted to the user or group that owns the key.

Response:

Let me break this down in the context of system permissions and keys.

When something is done "orthogonally" in technical contexts, it means it operates independently or perpendicular to another aspect - like two systems or sets of rules that work completely separately from each other without affecting each other.

Prompt:

please explain the below to me

"Converse to the block size of the hash function, the output size of the hash function also affects the security of PBKDF2, because each output is calculated sequentially. If you request more bytes out of a PBKDF2 function than the hash function outputs, it will have to work at least twice as hard. This means that, while a legitimate user has to calculate the entire byte stream from PBKDF2, an attacker can just target the first N bytes (20 for SHA-1, 32 for SHA-256, 64 for SHA-512) of the raw hash output and attack that instead of doing all the work."

Response:

Let me break this down step by step:

1. First, let's understand what PBKDF2 is:
   • It's a key derivation function used to create cryptographic keys from passwords

Fedora 41 on ASUS Zenbook 14 UM3406HA

Fix Audio Issues

The default audio configuration has two issues related to headset mic:

• wrong headset mic pin configuration for Realtek ALC294
  • to fix: use hdajackretask to manually override pin 0x19 as microphone
• auto detection of non-existing Digital Mic messing up audio device selection
  • to fix: create /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-local.conf and blacklist snd-soc-dmic module.